The writer – may Allah bless him, whose knowledge may benefit us in the world and in the hereafter, said:
PER-WORD TRANSLATION
عَنْ (From) | ابْنِ (the son of) | عَبَّاسٍ (Abbas) | رَضِيَ (May Allah be pleased) | اللَّهُ (Allah) | عَنْهُمَا (with both of them) | أَنَّ (that) | رَسُولَ (the Messenger of)
اللَّهِ (Allah) | صلى الله عليه و سلم (peace and blessings be upon him)
لَوْ (If) | يُعْطَى (given) | النَّاسُ (the people) | بِدَعْوَاهُمْ (by their claims) | لَادَّعَى (would have claimed) | رِجَالٌ (men) | أَمْوَالَ (the wealth of) | قَوْمٍ (people) | وَدِمَاءَهُمْ (and their blood) | لَكِنَّ (but) | الْبَيِّنَةَ (the evidence) | عَلَى (is upon) | الْمُدَّعِي (the claimant) | وَالْيَمِينُ (and the oath) | عَلَى (is upon) | مَنْ (the one who) | أَنْكَرَ (denies)
COMPLETE TRANSLATION
From Ibnu Abbas – may Allah be pleased with both – that the Prophet ﷺ said:
If people were given whatever they claim, they will certainly claim the wealth and blood of other people. However, the proof is obligatory upon the claimant and the oath is obligatory upon the one who denies, (Hasan Hadith narrated by Al-Baihaqi in As-Sunan: 10/252).
EXPLANATION OF THE HADITH
1 – The Prophet’s saying (لَوْ يُعْطَى النَّاسُ) or (If people were given) means:
i.e., what they claimed as their right and demanded.
2 – The Prophet’s saying (بِدَعْوَاهُمْ) or (with their claims)
i.e., merely by their words and demands without verification.
3 – The Prophet’s saying (لادَّعَى رِجَالٌ) or (men would claim) means:
i.e., some people would dare to claim the blood and wealth of others, and men are specifically mentioned because that is usually their business.
4 – The Prophet’s saying (أَمْوَالَ قَوْمٍ وَدِمَاءَهُمْ) or (the wealth and blood of other people) means:
The blood and wealth of men, so the defendant cannot protect his blood and wealth.
5 – The Prophet’s saying (البَيِّنَةُ) or (evidence/proof) means:
Everything that clarifies the truth from witnesses and others.
6 – The Prophet’s saying (المُدَّعِي) or (the claimant) means:
He is the one who proves a right for himself over someone else.
7 – The Prophet’s saying (وَاليَمِينُ عَلَى مَنْ أَنْكَرَ) or (the oath is obligatory upon the one who denies) means:
because the basic is the clearance of his liability from what is demanded of him.
LESSON FROM THE HADITH
1. It is not permissible to judge for someone merely based on their claim.
2. Every claim without evidence is not accepted.
3. The evidence means the witnesses from the claimant.
4. And the oath is on the defendant.
5. The hadith is fundamental in the chapter of judiciary.
6. If the claimant has no evidence, the defendant takes an oath. Wallahua’lam
Karangasem, 9 December 2024
Irfan Nugroho (May Allah bless him, his family, and his parents. Aamiin)
